Russian Society in the First Part of the 19th Century

The analysis of the works of 19th Century Russian writers reveals that Russia was not an ideal empire. The empire was a stratified such that numerous social classes emerged based religion, ethnicity and economic status. The Russian officialdom oppressed the masses for the benefit of the ruling class.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Russian Society in the First Part of the 19th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the ways through which the masses were oppressed was through censorship of literature. The ruling class censored writers with the sole purpose of maintaining the status quo. Despite such censorship, many of the 19th century Russian writers managed to develop works that showcased the perils of this empire. These include Mikhail Lermontov and Nikolai Gogol whose works are the major references for this paper. Lermontov and Gogol make subtle references to the vagaries of the19th century Russian ru ling class and the perils of the class society. Through the main characters Perochin and Hlestakov, Lermontov and Gogol respectively allude to the struggles of the peasants under the brutality of the ruling class. Pechorin is Lermontov’s antagonistic hero and key symbol. Through Pechorin the reader is able to see the disdain with which the rich and the powerful had on the poor. The mistreatment of the poor by the rich is symbolized through Perochin’s treatment of women, for whom he sees as mere objects for his personal satisfaction. He comments that he â€Å"often wondered why he was trying so hard to win the love of a girl he had no desire to seduce and whom he would never marry.†1 Thus, Perochin symbolizes 19th century Tsars, who gained personal satisfaction by oppressing the peasants. Similarly, Gogol, in his play The Government Inspector uses Hlestakov to illuminate the extent which class played in determining a person success.Advertising Looking for es say on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hlestakov cunningly cheats the residents of the town that he belongs to the higher class, a Government Inspector, and as a result receives favors and privileges which could not be afforded to people from the ruling class.2 Thus, through symbolism, the reader is exposed to the class-based struggles in 19th century Russia. The two literary works also identify a unique characteristic about the 19th century Russian society: that there existed neurotic and enigmatic personalities. Critics argue that neurotic personalities exhibited in Russian literature had nothing to do with medical disorders, but portrayed a combination of positive and negative traits that exceeded the understanding of fellow men. Such men were able to utilize those traits for their own selfish ambitions with little regard for others and the consequences of their actions. Lermontov’s enigma is Perochin, a m an of great contradictions. Perochin was sensitive yet cynically melancholic. Perochin perceived women as objects for his romantic gratification. Ironically, perochin is seen as the romantic hero3. Similarly, Gogol portrays Hlestakov as an enigma. Through his cunningness and dual personality, Hlestakov exceeds the understanding of the town residents. So enigmatic is Hlestakov that he cunningly elicits bribes from the Mayor, who is revered by the town’s criminals for his ruthlessness. As such, residents of the small town hold Hlestakov in awe. Thus, through Hlestakov and Perochin, Lermontov and Golgol highlight the presence of enigmas in the 19th century Russia. The 19th century Russian society is in a moral dilemma. The society’s moral decadence is highlighted through other minor characters like the Ossetian drivers who exploit their clients at any opportunity. This is captured through Maxim Maximych’s comments thus â€Å"but the oxen understand them all right. Hitch up twenty of the animals if you want to and they won’t budge as soon as those fellows begin yelling in their own language†¦ Terrific cheats, they are†¦They do like to skin the traveler. Spoiled, they are, the robbers†¦ you’ll see they’ll make you tip them too.†4Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Russian Society in the First Part of the 19th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moral decadence in the 19th century Russia is equally captured in the Government Inspector through the Mayor’s famous words ‘‘what are you laughing at? You are laughing at yourselves.’’5 This implies that it is not only the Mayor who has been fooled but also the other town officials, including the Director of Charities, The Superintendent of Schools, The Judge and The Town Doctor. All these officials had bribed Hlestakov in efforts to stop him from exposing corruption by state officials. Ironically, the town merchants, mostly Jews, had also bribed Hlestakov so as to prevail upon him to dismiss the Mayor for corrupt deeds and discrimination against them. Through Lermontov’s and Gogol’s works it is evident that the 19th century Russian society was far from ideal. The society is stratified into socio-economic classes, with those in power oppressing the poor. Such stratification and disregard for the rule of law provided suitable conditions for moral decadence to breed, as evidenced in Lermontov’s and Gogol’s works. Bibliography Gogol, Nikolai. The Government Inspector. Indiana: Sylvan press, 1947. 50 – 108 Lermontov, Mikhail. A Hero of our Time. London: Penguin Books, 2009. 15 – 116 Footnotes 1 Mikhail Lermontov. A Hero of our Time. (London: Penguin Books, 2009), 116Advertising Looking for essay on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 2 Nikolai Gogol. The Government Inspector. (Indiana: Sylvan press, 1947), 50, 84 3 Mikhail Lermontov. A Hero of our Time. (London: Penguin Books, 2009), 83- 95 4 Mikhail Lermontov. A Hero of our Time. (London: Penguin Books, 2009), 15 5 Nikolai Gogol. The Government Inspector. (Indiana: Sylvan press, 1947), 108 This essay on Russian Society in the First Part of the 19th Century was written and submitted by user Remington N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Black History

by historian Benjamin Quarles best describe what the American Revolution meant for African Americans and their fight for freedom. When a portion of white Americans demanded freedom from Britain, because it was their human right, it led to enslaved African Americans also asking for their freedom from slavery. After the Seven Years War had ended and eliminated French and Spanish threats to American colonies, it weakened the relationship between Britain and the colonies. Since Britain had helped America get rid of these threats, Britain felt that America should be taxed in order to pay for the war. The colonies during this time were used to governing themselves and therefore believed that paying Britain was out of the question. This led to a number of taxes by the British on the colonies and Americans against British products. These events eventually led to the Declaration of Independence and the Revolutionary War. The Declaration of Independence, which was written and adopted by Congress on July 4th, 1776, was written by a slaveholder. In it Thomas Jefferson wrote, â€Å"all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Hine and Harrold pg. 75). These rights that Jefferson wrote about did not apply to blacks. When blacks read this they believed that these rights belonged to them as well as whites and began to voice their opinions. African Americans then challenged whites to look at what had been written, and forced them change the way they thought about black freedom. When the War for Independence finally began, blacks joined the side of either Patriots or Loyalists. African Americans in the north were eager to join the side of the Patriots becaus... Free Essays on Black History Free Essays on Black History American Revolution â€Å"The Negro’s role in the Revolution can best be understood by realizing that his major loyalty was not to a place nor to a people, but to a principle.†(Hine and Harrold pg.80) These words by historian Benjamin Quarles best describe what the American Revolution meant for African Americans and their fight for freedom. When a portion of white Americans demanded freedom from Britain, because it was their human right, it led to enslaved African Americans also asking for their freedom from slavery. After the Seven Years War had ended and eliminated French and Spanish threats to American colonies, it weakened the relationship between Britain and the colonies. Since Britain had helped America get rid of these threats, Britain felt that America should be taxed in order to pay for the war. The colonies during this time were used to governing themselves and therefore believed that paying Britain was out of the question. This led to a number of taxes by the British on the colonies and Americans against British products. These events eventually led to the Declaration of Independence and the Revolutionary War. The Declaration of Independence, which was written and adopted by Congress on July 4th, 1776, was written by a slaveholder. In it Thomas Jefferson wrote, â€Å"all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Hine and Harrold pg. 75). These rights that Jefferson wrote about did not apply to blacks. When blacks read this they believed that these rights belonged to them as well as whites and began to voice their opinions. African Americans then challenged whites to look at what had been written, and forced them change the way they thought about black freedom. When the War for Independence finally began, blacks joined the side of either Patriots or Loyalists. African Americans in the north were eager to join the side of the Patriots becaus...

Strategic Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Marketing Management - Essay Example However, it should be noted that portfolio analysis tools should be applied with caution as each of the individual technique has limitations. These are further elaborated on the discussion of the different tools. The three main portfolio planning tools are The Boston Consulting Group Growth-share Matrix, General Electric Market Attractiveness Competitive Position Model, and Shell Directional Policy Matrix. The Product Life Cycle (PLC) as a portfolio analysis tool highlights four stages in a product's life cycle-introduction, growth, maturity and decline. This technique stresses that products life is limited and each stage in the life cycle offers different levels of potential gains. Thus, companies should employ the right strategies to maximize cash flow. PLC is valuable as a marketing tool because it emphasizes product termination, growth projections, different marketing objectives and strategies in each stage, product planning, and dangers of overpowering. However, it is also recognized that PLC is limited as each product follows a unique life cycle (e.g., fads and classics), PLC is the result of marketing efforts and not the cause, the time span of each stage is unpredictable, and misleading objectives and strategies. The PLC can always be a good tool choice for compani

The war on terror has contributed to the growing abuse of human rights Essay

The war on terror has contributed to the growing abuse of human rights - Essay Example While the War on Terror has been a global one, in one way or another, the heart of the military battle has been fought in the Middle East, specifically Afghanistan and Iraq, where the death toll of non-combatants- of humans beings and their rights- continues to rise, almost a decade later. It is the position of the author that this paper’s title is incontrovertibly true. By distilling this issue into its simplest details, and comparing it to the procedures of a common self-defence case, it will be demonstrated that the War on Terror has not only contributed to the abuse of human rights, but is in fact, an attack on human rights. The basic central argument to go to war to protect human rights or liberty or security is perhaps not necessarily a flawed one. The first premise is that one’s liberty or security is threatened, which, in the light of 9-11, say, it would seem that this is true. Liberty and safety does seem to be in jeopardy, even at the best of times, from, amon g other things, terrorists. The second premise for the argument proposing war/violence to defeat terrorism is that something can -and should- be done about the problem. This too, all but the most cynical would agree to be true. The dissolution of Apartheid in South Africa is a prime example of the truth of the second premise. Further damage to human rights was stopped in this case without revolutionary war or violence of any kind. The argument that the progenitors of the War on Terrorism propose goes as follows: there is a threat to human rights because of terrorist groups who are attacking innocent people (premise 1), and so something can and must be done to solve the problem (premise 2), and finally, the best possible course of action is to react with violence in turn. Basically, if you are under attack, you should attack in return so as to end the assault, to survive. Self-defence is its own perfectly sound argument. However, when the defender of himself (or human rights) goes be yond self-protection and inflicts more harm than is necessary, he in turn becomes an assailant, a threat to human rights (Allan, Foster and Tredoux 374) In a court of law, self-defence becomes assault when the ‘defendant’s’ actions are not justified for the situation or level of threat, and/or when their act of self-defence invokes collateral harm. Now that one can consider the War on Terror as a kind of self-defence case, what would the jury of this case conclude about the way the defenders of human rights have gone about their defence? Events like 9-11 are despicable acts of violence, of terrorism, against civilians, against human rights. It is a problem that ought to be solved. Any nation or group of nations would be perfectly entitled to defend themselves against such terrorism. But, who are the defenders of the human rights victims of events like 9-11 supposed to return violence to? Who exactly is their assailant? It is not a sovereign country. It is not eve n a military platoon or contingent- not exactly anyway. Who should the assailed people of terrorism exact their justifiable violence on, so as to protect themselves? The answer that is proposed by pioneers of the War on Terrorism is brazen and presumptuous, at best. At worst, it is in turn, an act of terror, an attack on human rights. This is true because, euphemisms aside, the War on Terror has been, for all practical purposes just like any other war, which always involves invasions, civilian casualties, infrastructure damage

Organizational Structure Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Organizational Structure Paper - Essay Example Starbucks’s reorganization of its structure has come in the trail of its rapid growth. With rapid growth, the firm has encountered more challenges in satisfying its customers and this has increased the concern on how the firm will operate in the future. To deal with these new challenges, the firm, under the leadership of Howard Schultz, has deiced to take a matrix structure. A matrix organizational structure is considered to be the best organizational structure since it helps the organization to better utilize its resources (Galbraith, 2008). In a matrix organizational structure such as found in Starbucks, all resources, especially human resources, are not fixed on one function but are loosely attached so that they can be deployed to be used in any part of the organization when they are needed there (Simms, 2008). Starbucks has employed this structure, to go align with its new needs for human resources. The matrix structure in Starbucks is implemented over the functional structure which forms the chassis of Starbucks’ structure. The Starbucks is in contrast to that of its competitor, MacDonald’s (Torresjan, 2014). MacDonald’s is a fast food restaurant that sells fast food as well as coffee and is also based in the US (Jargon, 2013). The firm uses a hierarchal structure headed at the top by a chief executive officer who oversees the firms (Torresjan, 2014). According to (Macdonlads.com, 2014) the CEO Don Thompson and oversees all of MacDonalds business across the world. However, although the MacDonald’s organizational structure is different from that is Starbucks by taking up a hierarchical structure, it is also similar to the one for Starbucks in that it also takes a functional structure where various functions at certain levels are given to the different people (The Associated Press, 2011). However, the main difference is the

House of Power Westminster

House of Power Westminster Parliament at Westminster remains the most powerful institution in UK politics.’ To  what extent do you consider this to be true? This essay I am going to defend that Westminster is not the most powerful institution and in fact, its dependant on the composition of the house of Commons for it is just an instrument to enact the wish of the political party in power. In this essay I am going to relate Westminster having the main role when controlling institution as a way to determine real power. In the first part of the essay I will establish relationship between the Executive powers, and how the structure of the secondary election of the Prime minister affects the power of Westminster. In the second part of the essay I will discuss the transposition of the European Union (EU) laws and how this reduces the reach of the legislative power in the United Kingdom legislative power in certain matters. Legislative power is defined as the ability, skill, capability or authorization to carry out a specific legislative action,. Note that the uncodified constitutional configuration allows high regulation capacity because Westminster law become Constitutional Law. This kind of constitutional order permits an evolution in the same time of social thinking evolution, and adapt the social changes, such as changes from censatarian masculine suffrage (1831), and ultimately to universal suffrage(1970), or if the most recent devolution of powers to the nations inside the UK at the ends of 1997-98, all this crucial changes by the willingness Westminster. UK constitutional practice is the product of an historical experience with laws, customs and conventions being added to and subtracted from it over time as circumstances dictate (Politics and power in the UK, 2005, p.19) In addition it has also the ability, to reverse the changes and return to the absolute realm structure, although hardly on the political culture of citizenship possible, if It has the society will. This complete freedom to regulate could be the only point that could lead us to the conclusion of the supremacy of the legislative power. While the capabilities or the legitimation of the legislative power are vested in Westminster, this is who lays down rules as an institution, is not who has the power. It is the instrument of the law enactment. UK’s unified parliamentary government facilitates the fusion of the executive (the government) and the legislature (parliament).UK politics are primarily conducted between the executive and the legislative branches,[], the UK model of democracy facilitates executive dominance over the legislature (but provided the executive has a parliamentary majority)(Politics and power in the UK, 2005, p. 15) The electoral system is the first point to considerate, is how the Westminster it is compose, the electoral system is characteristic of Majoritarian Democratic System, Single Member Plurality System (SMPS). This system brings an over representative of the big parties, and event in theory brings a territorial representationally, in our days of a mass media politics it just make easier to concentrate in one party all the electoral power. The actual Executive power it is a coalition of Two political parties, that situation it is an exceptional, the UK’s fi rst peacetime coalition government since 1931 is a considerable departure from the UK norm (Politics and power in the UK, 2005, p.33),situation occurred just 3 times the last century. Normally Labour party or the Conservative party won at least 326 SMP, number enough elected members to elect the leader of the political party as the Prime Minister. To prove the over representably we just need to see the last election, especially between labour party with 29% of votes have 258 SMP and Liberal Party with only 23%, only 6 points less, 57 SMP. And moreover Liberal party has lost 5 SMP even they wont 1% more votes (BBC Electoral results). In the UK politics the election of the executive power it is make through the secondary election, elected by the elected members of the house of Common, and elect the head of the majoritarian party, or the majoritarian coalition, the Prime Minister. That circumstance make that the theory of separation of power (The Spirit of the Laws ,Montesquieu 1748) that define liberals democracies have become weaker. It has became weaker because the theoretical check and balance it becomes an illusion in the political life. The UK executive is empowered as a powerful government, even when it takes the unusual form of a two party coalition, thanks to the disproportional of the single member plurality system and the three party plus others system it now encourages. This executive, armed with a Commons majority, is therefore able, with parliamentary permission, to alter the constitution as it chooses and in ways electors tolerate.(Politics and power in the UK, 2005,p.36) The legislative power when there are a majoritarian party, with more than 326 SMP, have the Executive, and both follows the same agenda, or more exactly Westminster follow the directives of Whitehall and his agenda. And that party have two of the three powers the political party become the most powerful institution in United Kingdom. Moreover if we considerate the policy of the stick and carrot (Politics and power in the UK, 2005, p.26), punishing dissidence members through the party or reward him/her with honours and government jobs. The Executive control of elected members of his party and the fact of the Prime Minister is his political Party leader too, then he have two ways to influence and force the loyalty of his partners. But, as I said, the party its the most powerful power, and sometimes its the political party in govern who force the executive, or the prime minister, to do some decision. For example we can see the govern of Tony Blair. He join the country in the Iraqs War, this situation with the time made loses to Labour party most of his electoral support, this fact force to resign the Prime Minister in favour of Gordon Brown in the summer of 2007, after bad results on local elections of 4th of May.(BBC T. Blair Time line) This replacement was the way to change the strategy and the perceptions of the electorate of the Labour Party, and recover the confidence lost during the last years of Blairs Government and the Iraqs war. Also Gordon Brown PM has to manage the international Crisis, and in the election of 2010 Labour party lost the majority in Westminster. From another point of view of Westminster action is the result of the previous relation between the political parties, fact that easily we can see when there are an executives in coalition of political parties, as Whitehall have now with the Conservatives and Liberal parties in power, this coalition forge a defined political agenda before the election of David Cameron, and this agenda with the support of the parties is passing through it of the parliament. This circumstance exemplify more the role of validate the previous agrees of the political parties. As I said before Westminster is theoretically entitled to regulate freely. But from the UK integration to the European Economic Community in 1973, which was later constituted as the European Union that. EU as a multi-state structure regulates certain matters of regulations (Politics and power in the UK, 2005 , p.68-69), in the case of second-rank ordering directly applicable to United Kingdom law, as based on the legal basis of the development of a treaty approved and ratified by the parliament itself. The European Communities Act 1972 (ECA) allows EC specified instruments to become part of UK law without the need for separate enactment of each and every EC instrument. Section 2(1) of the ECA gives the statutory authority for Treaty provisions and directly applicable secondary legislation (e.g. regulations) automatically to have legal effect in UK domestic law without further enactment .(p. 89 Comparative Study on transposition of Ec Law, June 2007) Despite this habilitation by way of treaties is in practice a normative power loss, an alien subjugation on regulatory and legal system, and in consequence broke the theory freely of Westminster generated by the uncodificate constitution. The negotiation the regulations depending upon the matter is carried to treat the ministers, depending on their portfolio at the European Council of Ministers meetings. Or the importance of the subject by the own prime minister to European Councils. Furthermore, together with the agreements and later to assessments among ministries, and also departments transpose the European legislation generated by the European institutions, which rests in the hands of ministers or cabinet, except in cases of assuming of obligations in cases affecting rights previously acquired by the public or the state, in this case the rule will require a complement of Westminster United Kingdom the vast majority of EC legislation is enacted by Statutory Instrument under Section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972. This Section confers authority on ministers, Government departments or Her Majesty in Council to make, with certain exceptions, subordinate legislation for the purpose of implementing any Community obligation of the United Kingdom. Subordinate legislation made under this section can repeal or amend existing legislation if this is incompatible with EC law.(p. 11 Comparative Study on transposition of Ec Law, June 2007) Given that treaties with was Lisbon Treaty (2007), or even was the Maastricht Treaty (1992) form United kingdom de facto is constitutional encoded country, and a country that explores the progressive tendency of continental integration and harmonization. In conclusion Westminster have no limitations to legislate whatever thinks the society need, but how works the relation between legislative and executive make that the legislative production follows the directives of Prime Minister and the executive. This situations are accentuate by the concentration of power of majoritarian democratic system, because the representation is concentrate by SSMP as a way to become over-represented the Conservative Party and Labour Party, and this political parties control executive and legislative branches. Since 1973, and progressively more, the EU have increased the power and control over the states, specially in matter of agriculture and economics, but since the Lisbon Treaty and the failed European Constitution, the tendency is harmonization of all states in the union. For another hand, UE is the union of states, and the legislation is make by executives, and transposed by executives, reducing also the power of Legislative Power. With the arguments submitted can be concluded that the theoretical power of Westminster significantly lower than really have, even have capacity havent iniciatve. . Bibliography BATTA, D.(2007) COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE TRANSPOSITION OF EC LAW IN THE MEMBER STATES,EU Policy Department Citizens Rights and Constitutional Affairs,June(2007) BBC(2010)BBC News, [online] Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6625869.stm [Accessed 13th may 2014]. BBC(2010)Electoral Results, [online] Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/election2010/results/ [Accessed 13th may 2014]. Hefferman, R. and Guibernau, M.(2005)Politics and Power in the UK, 3rd ed, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, Montesquieu, C.(n.d.)The Spirit of the Laws, France: n.d. 1/6

Enclosure Act :: essays research papers

Enclosure Act The Enclosure Act was passed to create more commerce for farmers and use the lands more rationally. The enclosure was good because it increased food production. The enclosure also began a capitalistic attitude in Europe. The Enclosure Act damaged the pheasant population. Before the enclosure of the land, there were strips of land poor farmers would farm. There was also common land farmers would use to allow their animals to graze. This system discouraged improvement and favored the small time farmers. When the enclosure happened the landlords consolidated their lands, they transformed the strips of land into block fields, and fenced up the common land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The enclosure increased the amount of food produced and the food supply. The enclosure allowed the continuation of innovations and inventions to help increase food production. The land was used more efficiently. The decisions on what crops to plant were not made communally as like in the village method. The farmers would use crop rotation and had more manure to use as fertilizer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The farmers wanted to make more money after the enclosure. There was an entrepreneurial attitude. The farmers wanted to own land. These attitudes, however, hurt the poor farmers. The landlords, who were concerned about profits, did not care like they did during the village method about waving rents and look out for the farmers. Now all they wanted was their money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the bad things that happened during the enclosure of land was what happened to the small farmers. In some cases the population of the poor cottagers, common pasturagers, and small farmers dropped. The landlords were not taking care of them like they us to during depressed times.

1920s Good Times or Bad Times Essay

For many decades, there were numerous arguments stating whether the â€Å"Roaring 20s† were good times or bad times in Canadian history. Although there were many clear reasons that supported both sides of the argument, I believe that the 1920s were good times. The â€Å"Roaring 20s† were times of economic and social boom. New inventions which are still effective part of our lives in 21st century, growing power of multimedia and entertainment, and modern form of industrial revolution with mass production all originated from 1920s. Moreover, the entrepreneurs and industrializing businesses especially in the central Canada or in the cities were successful. Lastly, stock market was rising gradually until the very late 1920s, until it collapsed. The 1920s were surely the golden era of Canadian history. First of all, great inventions and discoveries were made during 1920s. These fascinating discoveries and inventions had made significant impacts and brought changes in people’s everyday lives. Some of the essential items that we use every day were inventions made in the 1920s, such as vacuums and dishwashers. The three major discoveries and inventions that I believe were the greatest out of all which still are being used today are insulin, private automobiles, and radio. Insulin was the first effective medical treatment towards diabetes. Diabetes was one of the major diseases that had killed many people around the world during 1920s. Proper and effective treatments towards diabetes were needed as soon as possible. In 1921 at University of Toronto’s labratory, Dr. Fredrick Banting with help of his co-leagues and students succeeded isolating insulin which is a hormone from the dog. Banting’s idea was to inject the isolated insulin to the patient’s body since the reason diabetes is being caused is because of the scarcity of the insulin in one’s body. The results of insulin were astonishing! Banting and his colleagues had successfully created new treatment for diabetes. Fredrick Banting was therefore rewarded with highest praise, the Nobel Prize in physiology, and became the first Canadian to ever receive the Nobel Prize in physiology. Insulin is still the best medicine available towards diabetes in modern days. Private automobiles, such as Model T was produced in large quantities by mass production which was caused by modern industrial revolution during 1920s. The method of assembly line made this mass production possible. With private automobiles, distant families could easily connect with each other. Private automobiles had have brought new era of transportation system. In addition, the price of the private automobiles was reasonable. Therefore every average Canadian family had enough money to afford an automobile if they wanted to. The cars, highways, traffic lights, and so on that we see every day had originated from the 1920s. The invention of the radio was fascinating. It allowed people to connect with the world even in remote regions, allowed important messages to be set out to big population in short amount of time, and lastly made the gap between the cities and the countryside smaller. Radio was the tool that allowed people in remote regions, such as farmers to be connected to the world, issues, and so on. It has helped many Canadians to be less isolated and lonely. Radio also marked the beginning of the mass media revolution. It was the radio which influenced televisions, computers, and phones, and so on to be created. All of these great discoveries and inventions I have mentioned were created in 1920s, and they are still very effective part of our lives in modern days. 1920s surely was a very productive decade and was essential towards the development of the World including Canada. The 1920s were the starting point of the Mass Media Revolution. Mass media brought fashion trends, music, games, etc. along with them. Canadians were still in despair and in depression during the 1910s after WWI. Canadians faced high unemployment rates as many soldiers came back from the war, and they were also faced with the sorrow due the loss of the loved ones through the war. It was the mass media and the entertainment which helped Canada to forget about the hard times and to recover. Multimedia such as live broadcasts from new invention â€Å"radio† fascinated the Canadians. They could tune in to different channels in order to listen to many different types of programs. They could hear the music, live broadcast of the hockey game, live entertainment session with the comedian, and so on. The farmers in remote regions in prairies could even hear the live broadcast of the Maple Leaf’s match! Radio therefore has contributed a lot towards the society such as connecting the nation together, sending out information, entertainment, and so on. Secondly, the new fast pace and grooves of the jazz music and new trends of dances were appealing towards the younger generations, and were very popular. These types of music could also have been easily accessed through the multimedia such as radio. Thirdly, the younger generations were also fascinated by the new fashion trends from New York, and other regions in United States. Woman who were extremely in to these fashion trends were called flappers. They have cut their hair short, rolled down their silk stockings, rose the hem- lines, and so on. Flappers believed in the unique characteristics of them and admired the new fashion trends. Lastly, new games such as Mah-Jong from China, and Crossword puzzles from U. S. ere also very popular since they could be easily played by anyone. Without these entertainments and power of multimedia, the variety of multimedia we see everyday perhaps might not have existed. Moreover, these entertainments, and new trends has helped Canada get over the hardships of the post war economy and its effects. Entertainments and multimedia played big role in encouraging the people, which helped the economy to bo om. During the 1920s, the modern industrial revolution began. The idea of mass production was made possible due to the new assembly line system. Industrial revolution affected almost every aspect of people’s lives in 1920s. Private automobiles like model Ts were made on assembly lines at Ford Factories. The stock market of the industries has boomed and reached the highest points. The prices of the stocks during 1920s were considered impossible just a decade before, which proves how high the quality of the economy in Canada would have been during the 1920s. Canada’s economy has increased significantly and great parts of the central Canada had developed gradually in 1920s as well. It was said to be the golden years for the people in the cities, especially to the entrepreneurs and business men. As more money was gained, more money was spent and the development and enhancements were possible. This is how Canada has developed so much in 1920s, despite the depressing years they had faced earlier, which were 1910s due to the World War I. It was true that not everyone was happy during 1920s. Almost every farmer in remote regions has suffered greatly during the 1920s. The grain prices has dropped 50% after the WWI, and the new laws made by the government such as tariffs were only focused towards the workers in the cities, therefore farmers faced economical hardship. However I still believe that the 1920s were golden years to Canada. First of all, the majority of the Canadians were living in major cities, and was involved with the major industrializing economy and services. The farmers in Canada were the minority group. Therefore I believe that it was fair for government to set their focus on majority and support them as much as they could since the majorities were growing with gradual speed. Secondly, the farmers had their golden years during the 1910s, for example, the productivity of the grain industry, fishery, and forestry has grown almost twice in sizes and the prices of these products has also greatly increased during 1910s, or WWI. This decade was also a devastating decade towards the industrial economy due to the WWI. Therefore, I believe that the farmers should be able to accept the fact that it was the other part of the economy’s turn to grow. Lastly, some good came out towards the farmers during 1920s as well. Although farmers were facing hardship, they still appreciated the new inventions, such as radio and private automobiles because they were very helpful. These inventions allowed farmers in remote regions to be connected with the world. All the new forms of entertainments were also appealing to farmers as well, such as Jazz music, talkies which were talking movies, and so on. Therefore I believe that the 1920s weren’t so bad for farmers as well since they have gained a lot during 1910s, and farmers also were influenced positively with the new inventions, trends and entertainments. The â€Å"Roaring 20s† were golden times, especially when compared with the war times during 1910s, and the great depression, â€Å"Dirty Thirties† which the Canadians would soon face. The new fascinating and significant discoveries and inventions, multimedia revolution, new forms of entertainment, and lastly gradual increase in the industrialization economy and services made the 1920s to be successful. Although some visible minorities has faced hardship, it was their sacrifice which made the boom of the economy possible. It was reasonable for the government to support the majority if they had to choose only one group to set their focus in order to develop the country’s economy. I believe that 1920s were a lot more than just a golden era. I believe that 1920s were the cornerstone of the revolutionary development which has helped us reach the society which we currently live in. We should never forget about the efforts and sacrifices that people had contributed for us, and we should also contribute with our best effort to create better society for our future generations.

The Biography of Florence Nightingale Essays

The Biography of Florence Nightingale Essays The Biography of Florence Nightingale Paper The Biography of Florence Nightingale Paper Essay Topic: Blankets Florence Nightingale helped make hospitals cleaner and more efficient, she helped make nursing an important, respected profession, and helped change the world around her into a better, more caring place. Would you like to be in a dirty, smelly hospital with fleas and rats? Would you want to have a nurse care for you who knows nothing about diseases or nursing? Well that’s the way it would beif it wasn’t for a woman pioneer set out to improve hospital conditions. That woman was Florence Nightingale. Florence Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy. She was named after the city that she was born in. Her mother loved gaiety, and Florence, Italy had the reputation of being the gayest city in Europe. Florence had a sister named Parthenope who was born one year prior to Florence’s birth. She was born in Naples, Italy. Parthenope was also named after the city she was born in. Parthenope is Greek for Naples. Florence and Parthenope were seldom called by their full names. Florence was called Flo, and Parthenope was called Parthe or just Pop. Florence and Parthenope’s parents were Fanny and William Nightingale. They were both from England. Her father was a Unitarian and a Whig who was involved in the anti-slavery movement. As a child, Florence was very close to her father, who without a son, treated her as his friend and companion. Florences mother, Fanny Nightingale, also came from a Unitarian family. Both Florence and Parthenope were born while they were on vacation in Italy. The Nightingales were a very rich and wealthy family. Flo and Pop grew up with a very privileged childhood. They had many gardens to play in, ponies to ride, and numerous cats, dogs, and birds to take care of. They lived in a large house in a town called Derbyshire, near London. They called it Embley Park. They also had a summer home that they called Lea Hurst. Even with all of this, Flo was not happy. Flo was not an ordinary child. She was not naughty like every other child. Instead, she was passionate, loving, strong-headed, and miserable. She craved sympathy. She was a very cryptic child. Florence thought that she was not like other people. She was scared that other children might discover her secret. Florence was not happy living the rich life that she was. She was always in discontent. To escape from this, she day-dreamed all of the time. Florence was very pretty like her mother. She had a very vivid and active imagination. She would day dream all of the time. She imagined herself as a monster and as a great heroine. Flo and Pop were educated by their father. Their education was very thorough and classical. Florence was very smart, and was especially good at math. Besides the fact that she loved to daydream, Florence loved to write. She was always writing in her diary. When her diary was not with her, she wrote on small scraps of papers or anything that she could get her hands on to write down her thoughts! On February 7, 1837, when Florence was 17, she wrote, God spoke to me and called me to His service. She had no idea what this service might be. God’s call to her was ambiguous, but she did know that she was to do something. Many men liked Florence, and the man that she liked had asked her to marry him. She turned him down, as she did many others, because she did not want to live her life like her mother lived hers. If she were to marry that man, she would have had to spend her time making society and arranging domestic things. Her mother was very upset with her decision to turn him down. She was always looking for a husband for Flo. Early on in her life, Florence knew that she was not an ordinary person. She wanted to do something that would make a difference. In the 1840s, people in England were hungry. It was a very hard time for them. Prisons and hospitals were overcrowded and dirty. During this time, Florence brought food to the hungry, medicine to the sick, and clothing to the cold and naked. In 1844 Florence was twenty four years old. She decided that her calling was to work in a hospital. She was to help other people by being a nurse. She wrote in her diary that it was God’s work for me. When Florence told her parents her plans to become a nurse, they were horrified because nursing was associated with working class women. They would not let Florence carry out her calling. Hospitals then were very dirty and smelly. To relive their pain, many patients drank whiskey. Some of the nurses drank whiskey along with the injured and sick soldiers. The nurses then didn’t know much about disease. There were close to no servants to cook and clean the hospitals. Because her parents didn’t approve of her plans, Florence was devastated. She became depressed because she could not do what God wanted her to do. She hardly slept. She lost weight. On December 5, 1845, in her diary, Florence wrote, I am dust and nothing†¦This morning I felt my soul would pass away in tears. Florence became very sick. In all of this Florence was determined to carry out God’s wish and didn’t give up hope. In 1849 her parents allowed her to go abroad and study the European hospital system. In 1850 she began training in nursing at the Institute of Saint Vincent de Paul in Alexandria, Egypt. In June of the year 1851 Florence’s parents allowed her to go to nursing school. She was thirty one years old, and she was finally carrying out her calling. The school that she went to to learn nursing was in Kaiserswerth, Germany. It was called the Institute for Protestant Deaconesses. She was on her way to fulfilling God’s will for her. Early in the year 1853 Florence went to Paris, France. She visited hospitals and watched doctors at work so that she could learn first-hand what it was like and what she must do. Late that same year Florence was made the superintendent of The Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen. It was just a small women’s hospital in London, but a big step for Florence. Florence always made certain that the hospitals were clean, and she allowed anybody to come to the hospital that needed care, not just the members of the Church of England. England joined the Crimean was against Russia in 1854. There were not enough hospital beds or doctors for the injured and sick soldiers. On October 15, 1854, the Secretary At War asked Florence Nightingale to choose a group of nurses and take them to Crimea to help with the sick and wounded soldiers. Florence was happy to take on the task and within one week, Florence and her fleet of thirty eight nurses were on their way. When Florence arrived in Scutari, Turkey, she was shocked. She had never before seen such an unkempt hospital. The hospital was swarming with fleas, and rats were scurrying everywhere. Since there were not enough beds to accommodate all of the injured and sick soldiers, they were lined up in the beds and on the floor. The men were kept in rooms without blankets or decent food. The soldiers remained unwashed and still in their dirty, bloody uniforms. In these conditions, it was not surprising that in army hospitals, war wounds only accounted for one death in six. Diseases such as typhus, cholera and dysentery were the main reasons why the death-rate was so high amongst wounded soldiers. Military officers and doctors objected to Nightingales views on reforming military hospitals. They interpreted her comments as an attack on them, and she was made to feel unwelcome. Florence received very little help from the military until she used her contacts at The Times to report details of the way that the British Army treated its wounded soldiers. Nightingale was given the task of organizing the barracks hospital after the battle of Anchorman. Florence and the other nurses cleaned the hospital, prepared better food, and cared for the sick. They turned the hospital around, and they even built another one. Florence cared for the wounded soldiers so much that every night she carried a lantern and walked from bed to bed for hours. She wanted to make sure the soldiers were comfortable. Because of this, the soldiers started calling Florence The Lady with the Lamp. They always looked forward to her visits. As she passed their beds, and her shadow fell across the walls, some soldiers reached out to kiss it. They were very thankful that Florence had come to help them. Because of Florence and the other nurses, the mortality rate among the sick and the wounded was greatly reduced. Sometimes, Florence worked straight through the night and didn’t sleep. She worked very hard to make others happy. Because of all of her hard work, she became sick herself in May, 1855. She was near death for two weeks. Fortunately, within a few months she recovered and was back to work. The people back in England were very proud of Florence. In a letter that Parthenope wrote to Florence, she said, The people love you. Poems and songs were written about her. Babies were named Florence in her honor. Money was collected for a fund called the Nightingale Fund. A lot of the money was donated by thankful soldiers. Later, Florence used the money to set up a school for nurses. In March, 1856 the Crimean War ended, and Florence could return home. A parade and many other celebrations were planned for her return to honor her. Because so many people had died in the war, Florence didn’t feel like celebrating. She came home quietly and refused to make a show of herself. When she returned, Florence was thirty six years old. She was still a young woman, but her past illnesses had left her weak. She became very sick again in 1857. She was ill yet again in 1861. From then on, she stayed at home most of the time and worked there. She worked on writing. She was happy because she was surrounded by the things she loved: papers, notebooks, and many cats. Queen Victoria admired Florence a great deal. She supported Florence’s push for improved medical care for the British soldiers. Because of this, a Royal Commission was started. Florence gave the commission a 1,000 page report. It was called Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army. As a result of her work, the living conditions and medical care given to British soldiers were greatly improved. Because Florence stayed at home most of the time, she was able to write many books. In 1859, two of her books were published. They were Notes on Nursing and Notes on Hospitals. Her book, Notes on Nursing, was the first textbook for nurses, which was translated into many languages. In 1861, Florence Nightingale advised the United States Secretary of War on setting up army hospitals for those injured in the American Civil War. She also advised on improving health conditions in India. In 1860, Florence Nightingale founded the Nightingale School and Home for Nurses at Saint Thomass Hospital in London. She used the money that she raised from her two books and the Nightingale Fund. The opening of this school marked the beginning of professional education in nursing. Florence’s nurses were called Nightingales. They were very well trained. Often, they came to Florence for her blessing before they began their work. When a Nightingale was sent to do a duty in a far away place, Florence sent them flowers to greet them when they arrived at their stations. Nursing schools in Europe and America followed the example of the Nightingale School. Florence was getting very weak. She was getting sick very often. In 1895, she went blind. Soon after, she lost most all of her other functions. She required full-time nursing. In 1907 Florence was eighty seven years old. She was awarded the Order of Merit by King Edward VII of England for all the work that she did for other people. She was the first woman to ever win the award. On August 13, 1910, when she was ninety years old, Florence Nightingale died quietly in her sleep. Even though she died, her life’s work survived. She helped make hospitals clean and efficient. She helped make nursing an important, respected profession. Florence Nightingale helped change the world around her into a better, more caring place. In 1915 the Crimean Monument in Waterloo Place, London, was erected in her honor. Florence Nightingale has affected the course of human history in many ways. She worked to make hospitals as good and as hospitable as they could be. That is why hospitals are so good and clean today. She also worked to make nursing an important and well respected profession. Florence Nightingale changed the lives of those around her and those who heard about her. She was a great inspiration to others who wanted to make a difference in the world. One way that Florence Nightingale made hospitals like they are today is that she insisted that the wounded soldiers of the Crimean War have a nice place to get better and rest. She wanted them to have good food, and enough warm blankets and clothing. She also wanted the living quarters to be like home. She insisted that the hospitals be rodent free. She also made sure that the hospitals were not smelly. Florence Nightingale wanted to make the patients as happy and as comfortable as possible. She made them feel at home when they were at war and sick or injured. Her altruistic attitude made the soldiers feel better. Just by caring for them, she had a huge impact on them. Since she was so uplifting, she inspired the soldiers to be the same way. She made war a better place. She made the soldiers feel better. When she walked from bed to bed in the darkest hours of the night, she made the soldiers know that someone cares for them. In doing this, she made the world a much better place. Florence Nightingale made nursing an important and vary respected profession. Before Florence became a nurse, nurses knew very little about disease and nursing. They didn’t care about the patients or the living conditions. Before Florence, nursing was thought to be a dirty job. The nurses were often depressed and became nurses because they had nowhere else to go. Florence didn’t want to be a nurse just because she needed a job. She wanted to be a nurse to help people. It was her duty to be a nurse because God called her to do so. She truly cared. Because she cared, she made sure that the hospitals were clean. She also made sure that her patients were comfortable. Because Florence was so determined to be a good nurse, she inspired others to do the same. She led the way to making nursing a desirable job. She led other women to be nurses like her so that they could also help those in need. She was a pioneer to help others. She set up a school for nurses in order to allow nurses to get the proper education. She really wanted to make nursing better, and she made it easier for others who wanted to be good nurses like her to do so. Florence Nightingale changed the lives of those around her. She made the soldiers happier. Because of her, they knew that someone cared for them. Florence wanted to care for the sick to make them feel better. Not only did she make them physically feel better, but because of her caring nurture, she made the soldiers feel better in their hearts, too. When Florence’s Nightingales was sent to a far off place to care for the sick and wounded soldiers, she sent flowers to them. She wanted to make them feel welcome. She also wanted to make them feel as at home as possible. Florence just wanted to brighten the day of that nurse who might be a bit scared. Florence cared deeply for others. Even before Florence was a nurse she cared for others. She cared for them by just being nice. Before Florence knew that her calling was to be a nurse, she was helping others. She gave food to the hungry. She gave medicine to the sick. She gave clothes and blankets to the cold. She gave what she had to the poor people who could not afford those things. Florence Nightingale was a very benevolent person. She cared for others who she didn’t even know. Because Florence Nightingale was so brave and courageous in pursuing her dream, she was, and still is, an inspiration to others. When Florence’s parents forbade her to go to nursing school and become a nurse, Florence never gave up hope. She kept her dream in her mind always. Florence always looked for her parents’ affirmation. Because of her consistency in pursuing her dream, Florence finally was allowed to go to nursing school and become a nurse.

Free Essays on Buddhism And Christianity

Gem Buddhism and Christianity Both Buddhism and Christianity are considered to be a religion which is an organized set of beliefs that encodes a person’s or a group’s understanding and attitudes toward of the essence or nature of reality. Although Buddhism and Christianity are religions, there are two differences between them which are their ceremonies and festivals. Firstly, in Buddhism, The precept of Buddhism is to do good things and you will get good things back to your life, but if you do bad things, those sins will return to you. Buddhists believe that if we make merit by offering something like food and flowers to the monks or set the animals’ life free, all good lucks will return to us, the Buddhists. However, in Christianity, people usually confess their sin by talking to the priest in church in order to redeem from sin which is called â€Å"confession sin†. Secondly, The Songkran tradition is recognized as a valuable tradition for the Thai community, society and religion. This festival is also called "Water Festival" as people believe that water will wash away bad luck. At the same time, Thanksgiving Day is a day set aside each year for giving thanks to God for blessings received during the year. On this day, people give thanks with feasting and prayer. Thanksgiving is usually a family day, celebrated with big dinners and joyous reunions. The very mention of Thanksgiving often calls up memories of kitchens and pantries crowded with good things to eat. Thanksgiving is also a time for serious religious thinking, church services, and prayer. In conclusion, although Buddhism and Christianity are both called â€Å"religion†, there are differences in ceremonies and festivals.... Free Essays on Buddhism And Christianity Free Essays on Buddhism And Christianity Gem Buddhism and Christianity Both Buddhism and Christianity are considered to be a religion which is an organized set of beliefs that encodes a person’s or a group’s understanding and attitudes toward of the essence or nature of reality. Although Buddhism and Christianity are religions, there are two differences between them which are their ceremonies and festivals. Firstly, in Buddhism, The precept of Buddhism is to do good things and you will get good things back to your life, but if you do bad things, those sins will return to you. Buddhists believe that if we make merit by offering something like food and flowers to the monks or set the animals’ life free, all good lucks will return to us, the Buddhists. However, in Christianity, people usually confess their sin by talking to the priest in church in order to redeem from sin which is called â€Å"confession sin†. Secondly, The Songkran tradition is recognized as a valuable tradition for the Thai community, society and religion. This festival is also called "Water Festival" as people believe that water will wash away bad luck. At the same time, Thanksgiving Day is a day set aside each year for giving thanks to God for blessings received during the year. On this day, people give thanks with feasting and prayer. Thanksgiving is usually a family day, celebrated with big dinners and joyous reunions. The very mention of Thanksgiving often calls up memories of kitchens and pantries crowded with good things to eat. Thanksgiving is also a time for serious religious thinking, church services, and prayer. In conclusion, although Buddhism and Christianity are both called â€Å"religion†, there are differences in ceremonies and festivals....

Reverse logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15250 words

Reverse logistics - Essay Example (Mills, 2007, p. 21). Together with an increase in consumption comes an increase in material waste. Factory overruns, defective goods, and simply goods that have reached the end of their useful lives, will naturally be expected to accumulate. Given the volumes of waste generated by the mass of population making use of these products, the situation presents itself as a logistical predicament worthy of planning of the highest priority. According to the old methods of waste disposal, municipal solid waste (MSW) is traditionally incinerated in Europe because it is self-combusting. The first dedicated waste incinerators are more than a century old, having been build in 1876 in Great Britain. It was intended to eliminate waste in order to avoid the deleterious effects of rotting organic matter. While technological advances have greatly improved this method of waste disposal today, it is less prioritized in the hierarchy of methods articulated in the European waste management strategy when compared to prevention and material recycling. Among disposal systems, landfilling is the much more preferred option rather than incineration. 70% of MSW is relegated to landfills, while less than 20% is incinerated. Even then, landfilling is increasingly becoming a less viable option, because of decreasing availability of land, dangers of groundwater contamination, aesthetic and public health issues. (Bontoux, 1999) The problem is not limited to Europe alone. In the United States, for instance, MSW generation has engendered problems in landfilling that threatens to quickly overtake capacities for accommodating the volumes created. In a study conducted by the Earth Sciences Division, under the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab and sponsored by the US Department of Energy, it was determined that as much as 214,000,000 tons of municipal solid waste is generated every year. According to data gathered

Freedom Writers Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Freedom Writers - Movie Review Example Freedom Writers is a movie, which is based on the racial and ethnic conflicts that make people fight with each other. Hilary Swank played the role of a motivational teacher whose name was Erin Gruwell. Gruwell was appointed at Wilson High School in 1994 to teach freshman English to the students. Memories of the 1992 riots were still fresh in the minds of the students. The class was full of troublesome students who had formed small gangs based on their races. Gruwell made her efforts to eradicate the feelings of hate and detestation from the minds of the students in order to make them productive citizens of the society. She used an exceptional approach to teach her students the value of peace. She asked students to write personal diaries regarding what they feel about each other and what they have suffered during riots. She used those diaries to teach her students. The film typically relates to the economy of race. Formation of aggressive gangs and riots represent racial aggression of the people. Racial discrimination occurs when one specific race is given priority on other races. In Freedom Writers, Gruwell kept herself focused towards educating the negative impact of racial conflicts to the students. She kept on telling the students that racial conflicts are never good for a society and the students need to eradicate the feelings of disgust from their minds in order to ensure peace in the society.